Solid state control for hospital bed motors

ABSTRACT

A control system and circuitry in an electric motor articulated hospital bed for achieving electrical isolation between the patient&#39;&#39;s hand control unit and the higher current motor circuitry and for protecting him against shock is disclosed wherein an optical linkage is employed using photosensitive elements (photoresistors) and low voltage lamps. For each controlled function (e.g. knee up or down) lighting of the lamps changes the resistance of the photoresistor to cause a solid state circuit to turn on one, but never both, of a pair of Triacs each of which is in series with a different directional coil (clockwise or counterclockwise) of a motor and the electric mains (e.g. 120v, 60 hz. a.c.). Two or more motors may be controlled from a single electrically isolated hand held unit. In one embodiment, a low voltage transformer output is switched by the patient, in another embodiment a small d.c. battery is so switched and in a third embodiment the patient controls a mechanical linkage to mask or unmask remotely located photoresistor from a light source.

United States Patent 1191 Padgitt 5] Nov. 18, 1975 [5 SOLID STATE CONTROL FOR HOSPITAL 3,641,413 2/1972 Ohntrup 318/480 BED MOTORS 1 3,697,846 /1972 Mueller 318/547 x 3,728,606 4/1973 Finnegan 318/480 [75] Inventor: Kenneth W. Padgitt, Arlington Helghts Primary Examiner-B. Dobeck [73] Assignee: Borg-Warner Corporation, Chicago, Attorney, Agent, Firm-James Tracy Ill.

22 Filed: July 18, 1973 [57] ABSTRACT A control system and circuitry in an electric motor ar- [21] Appl 3803 10 ticulated hospital bed for achieving electrical isolation [44] Published u der th T i l Voluntary Protest between the patients hand control unit and the higher Program on January 28, 1975 as document current motor circuitry and for protecting him against 13 380,310, shock is disclosed wherein an optical linkage is employed using photosensitive elements (photoresistors) Apphcatlon Data and low voltage lamps. For each controlled function Continuation 0f S61. N0. 187,725, Oct. 8, 1971, knee up or down) of the lamps changes abandoned" the resistance of the photoresistor to cause a solid state circuit to turn on one, but never both, of a pair gl o zi .of Triacs each of which is in series with a different di- I} rectiona] coil (clockwise or counterclockwise) of a [58] Fleld 01 Search 318/480, 207 R; 250/229 motor and the electric mains g 120 60 Two or more motors may be controlled from a single [56] References cued electrically isolated hand held unit. In one embodi- UNITED STATES A E TS ment, a low voltage transformer output is switched by 3,094,713 6/1963 Wise 5/67 the pa in another dim nt a small d.c. bat- 3,309,587 3/1967 Meng 318/480 X tery is so switched and in a third embodiment the pa- 3,336,482 8/1967 Mierendorf et al 250/229 tient controls a mechanical linkage to mask or unmask Wilson remotely located photoresistor from a Source 3,528,103 9/1970 Wolf 318/207 R 3,588,512 6/1971 Hollien 250/229 x 1 Claim, 5 Drawing Figures T T I 70 72 71 l Motor I I (Knee) I 70 Up- 1 Dn. L Voliii ge T iii Transformer 5 Power Switching j 60 62 Circuit 6| 4OTL I 401' g I 400 3 I 67U 63 64 ssn I 3 d 43 a I Power Switching m A K Circuit l 1 65 as 1 1 Moin Power Su %ply r lzoloii on -l ircuii 53-- m l" 5 4 A 41 61' lsolotion i 'H f Po'rieni Circuit 1 55 l Switch 50 S i ls }z (Bo ck) 44- I 7 52] 34} l L a 1 3o 1 L I D04 33' 1 I I l 1 up i Patient Switch i 32 l fl e 1 US. Patent NOV..18, 1975 Sheet10f2 3,921,048

Inventor Kennerh W. Pudgifi AHornev SOLID STATE CONTROL FOR HOSPITAL BED MOTORS This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 187,725, filed Oct. 8, 1971.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to an improvement in hospital beds of the type that are articulated by an electric motor and is especially concerned with improved controls for the motors of such beds.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Hospital beds are conventionally articulated in one or more manners, such as canting the head portion up and down or moving the knee portion up and down. Although originally moved by hand cranks, it has become increasingly popular to accomplish this articulation by means of electric motors and linkages incorporated in the bed. These motors are commonly coupled to the available power mains for their energization. This motorizing of these beds not only saves human effort, but also allows the patient to control his beds position directly from the bed, for example by means of a hand control unit, and lessens or eliminates the need for a nurse or other attendant to perform the task.

However, the coupling of electrical power to the hospital bed has introduced a new hazard that of electrical shock and leakage currents.

A hospital patient is often more susceptible to electrical shock than the average individual. Not only is he in a weakened condition, but often he is attached to some sort of conductor. An intravenous bottle usually contains a fluid that is an electrolyte. Sometimes conductive catheters are inserted directly into the heart. In addition, various skin electrodes often are attached for test purposes.

Under any of these conditions, a slight leakage current can cause ventricular fibrillation (irregular contractions of the ventricles). The result can be heart failure. It has been estimated that 1,200 patients are killed by accidental electrocution each year.

The present invention is directed toward lowering or eliminating the danger to the patient of electric shock and leakage currents from the electric motors control circuitry.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A control constructed in accordance with the present invention comprises a solid state power handling switch (such as a Triac) in series with the main power supply and the motor coils, circuit means for controlling the operation of that power handling switch which circuit means includes photosensitive elemnts (such as a photocell or photoresistor), and manually operational means (such as a switch in series with low voltage source and light bulb or a mechanically operated mask) for causing and removing light to fall on the photosensitive element to thereby govern the operation of the circuit means and for electrically isolating the manually operational means from the power handling circuit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention, together with the further advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in the several figures of which like reference numerals identify like elements, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hospital bed in which the present invention is employed;

FIG. 1A is an enlarged perspective view of a portion, the patients hand control unit, of the bed of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram, partly in block form, of the control and motor system for the bed of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a modification of the control of FIG. 2; and

FIG. 4 is a sectional elevational view of another alternative embodiment of the invention.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION In FIG. 1, the hospital bed, generally 10, is articulated by linkages driven by electric motors which may be controlled from a patients hand unit, generally 30, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 1A. This unit may include, as shown, two sets of control pushbutton switches 32, 34 for raising and lowering the back and the knee portions of the bed 10.

In accordance with the present invention, as better shown in FIG. 2, these switches 32 are connected in a low voltage circuit to an isolation circuit 50, to light or not light one or the other of a pair of lamp bulbs 41, 42 of that circuit 50 which lamps are respectively optically coupled to photosensitive elements (photoresistors) 51, 52. The elements 51, 52 are connected to a power switching circuit 60 whose power handling switches (Triacs) 61, 62 are in series with the power mains and the directional coils 71,72 of a motor to control them.

A similar isolation circuit 50 and power switching circuit 60 are coupled to the back patient switch set 34 to control the back motor 70.

By depressing one or the other of the pushbuttons of set 32 one or the other of the lamps 41, 42 is lighted to cause the Triac 61 or 62 to connect power to one or the other of the coils 71, 72 and raise or lower the knee panel of the bed 10.

The provision of the optical coupling of circuit 50 effectively isolates the patient from the main power circuit and reduces or eliminates the possibilities of shock or leakage current therefrom. The solid-state circuitry 60 eliminates power relays and the danger of a spark starting a fire in an oxygen atmosphere. With the solidstate control, the circuitry'is intrinsically safe. Intrinsically safe is defined in this application as having insufficient energy to ignite surgical cotton in an oxygen atmosphere.

The circuit 60 is tri-stable, it includes means for preventing the tuming on of both triacs at the same time and also allows neither to be energized when desired. Power is connected to coil 71 through capacitor 73 when coil 72 is directly energized and vice versa.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring again to FIG. 1, the bed 10, in more detail, includes a base 10B to which a bed lift frame 10F is attached by linkage 10L. The frame 10F has the conventional headboard IOHB and footboard 10FB attached to it.

The frame 10F supports a number of movable panels upon which a matress (not shown) is placed. These include a back panel 11 hinged to pivot along 12, a knee panel 13 hinged to pivot along 14 and a foot panel 15 hinged to the knee panel 13 at 16.

The linkages for moving these panels and the motors 70, 70 of FIG. 2 are hidden from view in FIG. 1 under the panels but, as is the conventional practice these are mounted at and about the plane of the frame F. In addition to the control unit 30, a second unit 30 may be provided at the foot of the bed for operation by an attendant, and additional controls 30 also at the foot may be provided for, for example, raising and lowering the frame 10F by energizing the motor 10M and for cutting off the patients unit 30. The hand unit 30, as shown in FIG. 1A, includes a pair of pushbuttons 32U and 32D for respectively raising up and lowering down the knee panel and a simple pair of pushbuttons 34U and 34D for similarly raising and lowering the back panel 11. The unit 30 is con nected to the control circuitry 50 and 60 (FIG. 2) by means of an insulated cable 30C.

The circuit arrangement for the pushbuttons 32 is shown in detail in FIG. 2, it being understood that those for the pushbuttons 34 (and any additional articulation controls desired) are similar.

The pushbutton switch 32U and 32D are shown in their normal or undepressed states (to which they are mechanically biased). It should be noted that each switch is in series with the NC (normally closed) contacts of the other so that if both are depressed neither bulb 41 or bulb 42 is energized.

In the circuit of FIG. 2 a low voltage supply for the unit 30 is derived from a transformer 40T which is part of a power supply generally designated 40. The transformer 40T has its primary coil connected across the ac mains A, 20C and includes two electrically separated secondary coils 40TL and 40TH which produce respectively lower and higher voltage a.c. outputs. The secondary 40TL hasone side connected via line 43, an

,isolation resistor 53 and line 54 to one side of the lamp 4 1. The other side of the lamp 41 is connected via line 55 to one of the NO (normally open) contacts of the switch 32D. The other NO contact of this switch is connected to one NC contact of the switch 32U, whose other NC contact is connected via a line 44 to the other end of the low voltage coil 40TL. Thus pushing the switch 32D, with theswitch 32U left unpushed, closes the circuit from the coil 40TL through the lamp 41 and lights that lamp. 1 A similar circuit from coil 40TL, through line 43, re-

sistor 53, a line 56, through bulb 42, a line 57, the NC contacts and switch block of switch 32D, a line 33, the NO contacts of switch 32U and the line 44, allows the lamp 42 to be energized from the secondary 40TL when the pushbutton switch 32U is pushed to bridge its NO contacts whilethe switch 32D remains in its normal state bridging its NC contacts.

The lamps 41, 42 are, of course, light isolated from the opposite lamps photoresistor 52, 51 as indicated by the 'wall segment 58.

The power switching circuit includes, in accordance with a feature of the present, invention, additional meansto prevent the energization of both the Up coil 72, and Down coil 71 of the motor 70.

The secondary coil 40TH serves as part of a dc.

' power'supply which includes a diode 40D and a capacitor 40C which serves to develop a negative voltage on a line 46 relative to a reference potential line 47. This supply voltage is fed from lines 46 to one side of each of the elements 51, 52. The other side of these elements 51 and 52 are respectively connected to electrical points 63, 64 of the power switching circuit 60. The

point 63 is connected through resistor 65 to line 47, and through a resistor 67 to the base of a PNP transistor 67U. Similarly, the point 64 is connected through a resistor 66 to line 47, through a resistor 68 to the base of a PNP transistor 68D and through a resistor 64L to the collector of the transistor 67U whose emitter is connected to line 47. Similarly, the collector of the transistor 68D is connected through a resistor 63L to point 63.

The collectors of the transistors 67U and 68D are respectively also connected to the control electrodes of the Triacs 62 and 61. The main terminal 1 and the main terminal 2 of theTriac 61 are connected to the refer- OPERATION In operation, the pushing of one of the switches 32D (or 32U), without operating the other, serves to light the lamp 41 (or 42). This causes the light to fall on the photoresistor 51 (or 52) causing its resistance to ,drop.

. This fall in resistance in the voltage divider formed by resistor 51 and 65 (or 52 and 66) is reflected in a more negative potential at point 63 (or 64). This voltage is also communicated through the resistor 63L (or 64L) to drive the gate of the Triac 61 (or 62) negative and cause it to conduct.

' The drop in potential at point 63 (or 64) is coupled to the base of the transistor 67U (68U) through the resistor 67 (68) to turn on that transistor. This effectively shorts the gate of Triac 62 (61) to its main terminal 1 and thus prevents its turning on.

Release of the pushbutton interrupts the circuit to' the bulb and reverses the operation to de-energize the motor coil and stop the movement of the panel.

The operation of the additional controls and motor system such as that of the switch set 34, isolation circuit power switching circuit 60' and motor 70', shown in FIG. 2, may be identical with the low voltage supply being connected thereto via the line 44' and the line 43' and isolation resistor 53', while the dc. power supply is connected thereto over the line 46'.

In FIG. 3 a modification of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 is depicted in which the low voltage or step down transformer including the coil 40TL are eliminated and replaced by a battery which may be a simple pen-lite battery. In this embodiment current limiting resistors 153, 153, similar to the resistors 53, 53' are connected between the battery 100 in the hand unit 30 rather than at the bulbs in the circuit 50. In this case the fifth line 144 (similar to the fifth line 44 of FIG. 2) need only be connected to the lines 54 and 56. Otherwise the circuit of FIG. 2 is unchanged and its operation would be substantially the same as described above.

Referring to FIG. 4, another alternative modification of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-2 is there depicted. In this case the hand unit 30 is entirely mechanical, having no electrical components at all and consists of a pushpull arrangement of flexible cable 300 contained in a flexible sleeve 310 that moves a mask 320 having a single apparature 325 for allowing light from a source 330 to fall on one or none of the photoresistors 51, 52, 51, 52 of the circuits 60, 60. In this case the light source may be constantly on during use and may consist of a low power bulb 332 and diffuser 335 or any suitable equivalent such as a fluorescent tube light or line filament bulb. The operation of the isolation circuit and the power switching circuit would be substantially unchanged from the above. The patient would, in this case, move the cable to achieve whichever one movement be desired.

For completeness in the disclosure but not for pur-- poses of limitation the following representative values and component identifications are submitted. These values and components were employed in a system that 6 versible electric motor having forward and reverse winding coils, a solid state control system for controlling the application of a relatively high voltage a.c. mains to the winding coils to effect rotation of the motor in either clockwise or counterclockwise direction, comprising:

first and second triacs each having first and second main terminals and a gate terminal;

a first series circuit, including the forward winding coil and the first and second main terminals of said first triac, coupled across the a.c. mains;

a second series circuit, including the reverse winding coil and the first and second main terminals of said second triac, coupled across the a.c. mains;

was constructed in accordance with FIGS. 1 a d 2 and a first voltage divider, including a first photosensitive tested and which provided high quality performance. element, coupled to the gate terminal of said first Those skilled in this art will recognize that many altertr a and normally applying to that gate term nal a native elements and values may be employed in con- Voltage Of an amplitude insufficient to turn Said structing systems and circuits in accordance with the first triac ON and fender it Conductive; present invention. Indeed, even though the herein set a Second voltage divider, c ng a econd P oout system and circuit are the presently considered best Sensitive element, coupled t0 the g terminal of mode of practicing the invention, the present inventor Said second triac and normally pp to that gate may himself decide after further experiments and expeterminal a voltage of an amplitude ihsufficieht t0 rience, or for differing environments of use, to make t Said Second triac ON and Iendefit Conductive; difi i d changes f these Valium first and second light emitters each of which is optically coupled to, but electrically isolated from, a

respective one of said first and second photosensi- Component Type or Value five elements; 4011 24v secondary winding a source of relatively low voltage; 40TH 12v a.c. Secondary windin a hand-held, patient operated control unit having 1%? 13 322, first and second manually actuated switches each 41 IGESB Indicator Lamp of which, when actuated, couples said low voltage gfiFgLg$ P source to a respective one of said light emitters to 52 CL5P4L p ll effect illumination thereof, 61 0 30 iac the resistance of said first photosensitive element de- 2% 66 :g tflg g Resistor creasing in response to the illumination of said first 67, 68 4 aw Comp. Resistor light emitter to effect an increase in the voltage ap- Resist plied to the gate'terminal of said first triac thereby 67U, 68D MP8 65 I8 71,72 permapcm s'piitcapacim 40 turning the first triac ON and coupling the high nduct o Meter voltage a.c. mains to the forward winding coil to cause the motor to rotate in the clockwise direction,

While efforts have been made to accurately record the resistance of said second photosensitive element and transcribe these values it is, of course, possible that decreasing i response t th ill i i f id one or more errors may have inadvertently crept into second li ht emitter t ff an increase i h this compilation. To guard against these, the reader is voltage applied to the gate terminal of said second cautioned to employ the well-known methods to verify triac thereby turning the second triac ON and couthe above. pling the high voltlage a.c. mains to the reverse While particular embodiments of the invention have winding coil to cause the motor to rotate in the *been shown and described, it will be obvious to those counterclockwise direction;

. skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be means, operable when said first photosensitive elelmade without departing from the invention in its ment is activated by light from said first light emitbroader aspects a e e o the aim in the pter, for preventing said second triac from conductpended claims is to cover all such changes and modifiing;

cations as fall within the true contribution and scope of and means, operable when said second photosensithe invention. tive element is activated by light from said second What is claimed is: light emitter, for preventing said first triac from 1. In an adjustable motorized hospital bed of the type conducting. having articulated panels positioned by at least one re- 

1. In an adjustable motorized hospital bed of the type having articulated panels positioned by at least one reversible electric motor having forward and reverse winding coils, a solid state control system for controlling the application of a relatively high voltage a.c. mains to the winding coils to effect rotation of the motor in either clockwise or counterclockwise direction, comprising: first and second triacs each having first and second main terminals and a gate terminal; a first series circuit, including the forward winding coil and the first and second main terminals of said first triac, coupled across the a.c. mains; a second series circuit, including the reverse winding coil and the first and second main terminals of said second triac, coupled across the a.c. mains; a first voltage divider, including a first photosensitive element, coupled to the gate terminal of said first triac and normally applying to that gate terminal a voltage of an amplitude insufficient to turn said first triac ON and render it conductive; a second voltage divider, including a second photosensitive element, coupled to the gate terminal of said second triac and normally applying to that gate terminal a voltage of an amplitude insufficient to turn said second triac ON and render it conductive; first and second light emitters each of which is optically coupled to, but electrically isolated from, a respective one of said first and second photosensitive elements; a source of relatively low voltage; a hand-held, patient operated control unit having first and second manually actuated switches each of which, when actuated, couples said low voltage source to a respective one of said light emitters to effect illumination thereof, the resistance of said first photosensitive element decreasing in response to the illumination of said first light emitter to effect an increase in the voltage applied to the gate terminal of said first triac thereby turning the first triac ON and coupling the high voltage a.c. mains to the forward winding coil to cause the motor to rotate in the clockwise direction, the resistancE of said second photosensitive element decreasing in response to the illumination of said second light emitter to effect an increase in the voltage applied to the gate terminal of said second triac thereby turning the second triac ON and coupling the high voltlage a.c. mains to the reverse winding coil to cause the motor to rotate in the counterclockwise direction; means, operable when said first photosensitive element is activated by light from said first light emitter, for preventing said second triac from conducting; and means, operable when said second photosensitive element is activated by light from said second light emitter, for preventing said first triac from conducting. 